Kenya vs. Rwanda
Demographics
Kenya | Rwanda | |
---|---|---|
Population | 54,685,051 (July 2021 est.) note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected | 12,943,132 (July 2021 est.) note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected |
Age structure | 0-14 years: 38.71% (male 10,412,321/female 10,310,908) 15-24 years: 20.45% (male 5,486,641/female 5,460,372) 25-54 years: 33.75% (male 9,046,946/female 9,021,207) 55-64 years: 4.01% (male 1,053,202/female 1,093,305) 65 years and over: 3.07% (male 750,988/female 892,046) (2020 est.) | 0-14 years: 39.95% (male 2,564,893/female 2,513,993) 15-24 years: 20.1% (male 1,280,948/female 1,273,853) 25-54 years: 33.06% (male 2,001,629/female 2,201,132) 55-64 years: 4.24% (male 241,462/female 298,163) 65 years and over: 2.65% (male 134,648/female 201,710) (2020 est.) |
Median age | total: 20 years male: 19.9 years female: 20.1 years (2020 est.) | total: 19.7 years male: 18.9 years female: 20.4 years (2020 est.) |
Population growth rate | 2.15% (2021 est.) | 1.8% (2021 est.) |
Birth rate | 26.78 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) | 27.18 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
Death rate | 5.09 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) | 5.95 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
Net migration rate | -0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) | -3.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
Sex ratio | at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2020 est.) | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.81 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2020 est.) |
Infant mortality rate | total: 28.81 deaths/1,000 live births male: 31.93 deaths/1,000 live births female: 25.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) | total: 27.16 deaths/1,000 live births male: 29.73 deaths/1,000 live births female: 24.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) |
Life expectancy at birth | total population: 69.32 years male: 67.65 years female: 71.03 years (2021 est.) | total population: 65.48 years male: 63.55 years female: 67.47 years (2021 est.) |
Total fertility rate | 3.36 children born/woman (2021 est.) | 3.42 children born/woman (2021 est.) |
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | 4.2% (2020 est.) | 2.5% (2020 est.) |
Nationality | noun: Kenyan(s) adjective: Kenyan | noun: Rwandan(s) adjective: Rwandan |
Ethnic groups | Kikuyu 17.1%, Luhya 14.3%, Kalenjin 13.4%, Luo 10.7%, Kamba 9.8%, Somali 5.8%, Kisii 5.7%, Mijikenda 5.2%, Meru 4.2%, Maasai 2.5%, Turkana 2.1%, non-Kenyan 1%, other 8.2% (2019 est.) | Hutu, Tutsi, Twa (Pygmy) |
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | 1.4 million (2020 est.) | 220,000 (2020 est.) |
Religions | Christian 85.5% (Protestant 33.4%, Catholic 20.6%, Evangelical 20.4%, African Instituted Churches 7%, other Christian 4.1%), Muslim 10.9%, other 1.8%, none 1.6%, don't know/no answer 0.2% (2019 est.) | Protestant 49.5% (includes Adventist 11.8% and other Protestant 37.7%), Roman Catholic 43.7%, Muslim 2%, other 0.9% (includes Jehovah's Witness), none 2.5%, unspecified 1.3% (2012 est.) |
HIV/AIDS - deaths | 29,000 (2020 est.) | 2,500 (2020 est.) |
Languages | English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English) The World Factbook, Chanzo cha Lazima Kuhusu Habari ya Msingi. (Kiswahili) | Kinyarwanda (official, universal Bantu vernacular) 93.2%, French (official) <0.1, English (official) <0.1, Swahili/Kiswahili (official, used in commercial centers) <0.1, more than one language, other 6.3%, unspecified 0.3% (2002 est.) major-language sample(s): Inkoranya nzimbuzi y'isi, isoko fatizo y'amakuru y'ibanze. (Kinyarwanda) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. |
Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 81.5% male: 85% female: 78.2% (2018) | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 73.2% male: 77.6% female: 69.4% (2018) |
Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: very high (2020) food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley fever water contact diseases: schistosomiasis animal contact diseases: rabies | degree of risk: very high (2020) food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever animal contact diseases: rabies |
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) | total: 11 years male: 11 years female: 11 years (2009) | total: 11 years male: 11 years female: 11 years (2019) |
Education expenditures | 5.3% of GDP (2018) | 3.1% of GDP (2018) |
Urbanization | urban population: 28.5% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 4.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) | urban population: 17.6% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 3.07% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
Drinking water source | improved: urban: 89% of population rural: 60.4% of population total: 68% of population unimproved: urban: 11% of population rural: 39.6% of population total: 32% of population (2017 est.) | improved: urban: 92% of population rural: 76.9% of population total: 79.5% of population unimproved: urban: 8% of population rural: 23.1% of population total: 20.5% of population (2017 est.) |
Sanitation facility access | improved: urban: 78.8% of population rural: 41.2% of population total: 51.2% of population unimproved: urban: 21.2% of population rural: 58.8% of population total: 48.8% of population (2017 est.) | improved: urban: 88.4% of population rural: 79.4% of population total: 80.9% of population unimproved: urban: 11.6% of population rural: 20.6% of population total: 19.1% of population (2017 est.) |
Major cities - population | 4.922 million NAIROBI (capital), 1.341 million Mombassa (2021) | 1.170 million KIGALI (capital) (2021) |
Maternal mortality rate | 342 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) | 248 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) |
Children under the age of 5 years underweight | 11.2% (2014) | 7.7% (2019/20) |
Health expenditures | 5.2% (2018) | 7.5% (2018) |
Physicians density | 0.16 physicians/1,000 population (2018) | 0.13 physicians/1,000 population (2018) |
Obesity - adult prevalence rate | 7.1% (2016) | 5.8% (2016) |
Mother's mean age at first birth | 20.3 years (2014 est.) note: median age at first birth among women 25-49 | 22.7 years (2014/15 est.) note: median age at first birth among women 25-49 |
Demographic profile | Kenya has experienced dramatic population growth since the mid-20th century as a result of its high birth rate and its declining mortality rate. More than 40% of Kenyans are under the age of 15 because of sustained high fertility, early marriage and childbearing, and an unmet need for family planning. Kenya's persistent rapid population growth strains the labor market, social services, arable land, and natural resources. Although Kenya in 1967 was the first Sub-Saharan country to launch a nationwide family planning program, progress in reducing the birth rate has largely stalled since the late 1990s, when the government decreased its support for family planning to focus on the HIV epidemic. Government commitment and international technical support spurred Kenyan contraceptive use, decreasing the fertility rate (children per woman) from about 8 in the late 1970s to less than 5 children twenty years later, but it has plateaued at just over 3 children today. Kenya is a source of emigrants and a host country for refugees. In the 1960s and 1970s, Kenyans pursued higher education in the UK because of colonial ties, but as British immigration rules tightened, the US, the then Soviet Union, and Canada became attractive study destinations. Kenya's stagnant economy and political problems during the 1980s and 1990s led to an outpouring of Kenyan students and professionals seeking permanent opportunities in the West and southern Africa. Nevertheless, Kenya's relative stability since its independence in 1963 has attracted hundreds of thousands of refugees escaping violent conflicts in neighboring countries; Kenya shelters more than 300,000 Somali refugees as of April 2017. | Rwanda's fertility rate declined sharply during the last decade, as a result of the government's commitment to family planning, the increased use of contraceptives, and a downward trend in ideal family size. Increases in educational attainment, particularly among girls, and exposure to social media also contributed to the reduction in the birth rate. The average number of births per woman decreased from a 5.6 in 2005 to 4.5 in 2016. Despite these significant strides in reducing fertility, Rwanda's birth rate remains very high and will continue to for an extended period of time because of its large population entering reproductive age. Because Rwanda is one of the most densely populated countries in Africa, its persistent high population growth and increasingly small agricultural landholdings will put additional strain on families' ability to raise foodstuffs and access potable water. These conditions will also hinder the government's efforts to reduce poverty and prevent environmental degradation. The UNHCR recommended that effective 30 June 2013 countries invoke a cessation of refugee status for those Rwandans who fled their homeland between 1959 and 1998, including the 1994 genocide, on the grounds that the conditions that drove them to seek protection abroad no longer exist. The UNHCR's decision is controversial because many Rwandan refugees still fear persecution if they return home, concerns that are supported by the number of Rwandans granted asylum since 1998 and by the number exempted from the cessation. Rwandan refugees can still seek an exemption or local integration, but host countries are anxious to send the refugees back to Rwanda and are likely to avoid options that enable them to stay. Conversely, Rwanda itself hosts almost 160,000 refugees as of 2017; virtually all of them fleeing conflict in neighboring Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. |
Contraceptive prevalence rate | 59.7% (2019) | 53.2% (2014/15) |
Dependency ratios | total dependency ratio: 69.8 youth dependency ratio: 65.5 elderly dependency ratio: 4.3 potential support ratio: 23.5 (2020 est.) | total dependency ratio: 74.2 youth dependency ratio: 68.8 elderly dependency ratio: 5.4 potential support ratio: 18.4 (2020 est.) |
Source: CIA Factbook