India vs. Bangladesh
Demographics
| India | Bangladesh | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1,339,330,514 (July 2021 est.) | 164,098,818 (July 2021 est.) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 26.31% (male 185,017,089/female 163,844,572) 15-24 years: 17.51% (male 123,423,531/female 108,739,780) 25-54 years: 41.56% (male 285,275,667/female 265,842,319) 55-64 years: 7.91% (male 52,444,817/female 52,447,038) 65 years and over: 6.72% (male 42,054,459/female 47,003,975) (2020 est.) | 0-14 years: 26.48% (male 21,918,651/female 21,158,574) 15-24 years: 18.56% (male 15,186,470/female 15,001,950) 25-54 years: 40.72% (male 31,694,267/female 34,535,643) 55-64 years: 7.41% (male 5,941,825/female 6,115,856) 65 years and over: 6.82% (male 5,218,206/female 5,879,411) (2020 est.) |
| Median age | total: 28.7 years male: 28 years female: 29.5 years (2020 est.) | total: 27.9 years male: 27.1 years female: 28.6 years (2020 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 1.04% (2021 est.) | 0.95% (2021 est.) |
| Birth rate | 17.53 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) | 17.88 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Death rate | 7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) | 5.44 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Net migration rate | -0.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) | -2.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.11 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.14 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2020 est.) | at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2020 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 39.55 deaths/1,000 live births male: 39.47 deaths/1,000 live births female: 39.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) | total: 31.13 deaths/1,000 live births male: 33.82 deaths/1,000 live births female: 28.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 70.03 years male: 68.71 years female: 71.49 years (2021 est.) | total population: 74.43 years male: 72.25 years female: 76.7 years (2021 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 2.28 children born/woman (2021 est.) | 2.1 children born/woman (2021 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | 0.2% (2017 est.) | <.1% (2018 est.) |
| Nationality | noun: Indian(s) adjective: Indian | noun: Bangladeshi(s) adjective: Bangladeshi |
| Ethnic groups | Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000) | Bengali at least 98%, other indigenous ethnic groups 1.1% (2011 est.) note: Bangladesh's government recognizes 27 indigenous ethnic groups under the 2010 Cultural Institution for Small Anthropological Groups Act; other sources estimate there are about 75 ethnic groups; critics of the 2011 census claim that it underestimates the size of Bangladesh's ethnic population |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | 2.3 million (2020 est.) | 14,000 (2018 est.) |
| Religions | Hindu 79.8%, Muslim 14.2%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.7%, other and unspecified 2% (2011 est.) | Muslim 89.1%, Hindu 10%, other 0.9% (includes Buddhist, Christian) (2013 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths | 69,000 (2017 est.) | <1000 (2018 est.) |
| Languages | Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6%; note - English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; there are 22 other officially recognized languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2011 est.) major-language sample(s): ????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ????? (Hindi) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. | Bangla 98.8% (official, also known as Bengali), other 1.2% (2011 est.) major-language sample(s): ????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? (Bangla) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 74.4% male: 82.4% female: 65.8% (2018) | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 74.7% male: 77.4% female: 72% (2019) |
| Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: very high (2020) food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria water contact diseases: leptospirosis animal contact diseases: rabies note: clusters of cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are being reported across 27 States and Union Territories in India; as of 20 July 2021, India has reported a total of 31,174,322 cases of COVID-19 or 2,259 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 30.03 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 23.65% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; effective 4 May 2021, the US has banned most travel from India to the US | degree of risk: high (2020) food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations water contact diseases: leptospirosis animal contact diseases: rabies note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Bangladesh; as of 19 July 2021, Bangladesh has reported a total of 1,128,889 cases of COVID-19 or 685.47 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 11.13 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 3.54% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine |
| School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) | total: 12 years male: 11 years female: 12 years (2019) | total: 12 years male: 12 years female: 12 years (2018) |
| Education expenditures | 3.8% of GDP (2013) | 1.3% of GDP (2019) |
| Urbanization | urban population: 35.4% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 2.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) | urban population: 38.9% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 2.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Drinking water source | improved: urban: 96% of population rural: 91% of population total: 92.7% of population unimproved: urban: 4% of population rural: 9% of population total: 7.2% of population (2017 est.) | improved: urban: 98.9% of population rural: 98.4% of population total: 98.6% of population unimproved: urban: 1.1% of population rural: 1.6% of population total: 1.4% of population (2017 est.) |
| Sanitation facility access | improved: urban: 93.7% of population rural: 61.1% of population total: 72% of population unimproved: urban: 6.3% of population rural: 38.9% of population total: 28% of population (2017 est.) | improved: urban: 82.5% of population rural: 64.4% of population total: 70.9% of population unimproved: urban: 17.5% of population rural: 35.6% of population total: 29.1% of population (2017 est.) |
| Major cities - population | 31.181 million NEW DELHI (capital), 20.668 million Mumbai, 14.974 million Kolkata, 12.765 million Bangalore, 11.235 million Chennai, 10.269 million Hyderabad (2021) | 21.741 million DHAKA (capital), 5.133 million Chittagong, 949,000 Khulna, 924,000 Rajshahi, 890,000 Sylhet, Bogra 820,000 (2021) |
| Maternal mortality rate | 145 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) | 173 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) |
| Children under the age of 5 years underweight | 33.4% (2016/18) | 22.6% (2019) |
| Health expenditures | 3.5% (2018) | 2.3% (2018) |
| Physicians density | 0.86 physicians/1,000 population (2018) | 0.58 physicians/1,000 population (2018) |
| Hospital bed density | 0.5 beds/1,000 population (2017) | 0.8 beds/1,000 population (2016) |
| Obesity - adult prevalence rate | 3.9% (2016) | 3.6% (2016) |
| Mother's mean age at first birth | 21 years (2015/16) note: median age a first birth among women 25-49 | 18.6 years (2017/18 est.) note: median age at first birth among women 20-49 |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | 53.5% (2015/16) | 62.7% (2019) |
| Dependency ratios | total dependency ratio: 48.7 youth dependency ratio: 38.9 elderly dependency ratio: 9.8 potential support ratio: 10.2 (2020 est.) | total dependency ratio: 47 youth dependency ratio: 39.3 elderly dependency ratio: 7.7 potential support ratio: 13 (2020 est.) |
Source: CIA Factbook
