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Estonia vs. Latvia

Demographics

EstoniaLatvia
Population1,220,042 (July 2021 est.)1,862,687 (July 2021 est.)
Age structure0-14 years: 16.22% (male 102,191/female 97,116)

15-24 years: 8.86% (male 56,484/female 52,378)

25-54 years: 40.34% (male 252,273/female 243,382)

55-64 years: 13.58% (male 76,251/female 90,576)

65 years and over: 21% (male 89,211/female 168,762) (2020 est.)
0-14 years: 15.32% (male 148,120/female 140,028)

15-24 years: 9% (male 87,372/female 81,965)

25-54 years: 40.41% (male 380,817/female 379,359)

55-64 years: 14.77% (male 125,401/female 152,548)

65 years and over: 20.5% (male 128,151/female 257,471) (2020 est.)
Median agetotal: 43.7 years

male: 40.4 years

female: 47 years (2020 est.)
total: 44.4 years

male: 40.5 years

female: 48 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate-0.69% (2021 est.)-1.1% (2021 est.)
Birth rate9.03 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)8.96 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Death rate13.06 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)14.63 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Net migration rate-2.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)-5.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Sex ratioat birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.08 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.84 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.53 male(s)/female

total population: 0.88 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.82 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.5 male(s)/female

total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
Infant mortality ratetotal: 3.47 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 3.32 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 3.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)
total: 4.93 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 5.34 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)
Life expectancy at birthtotal population: 77.63 years

male: 72.98 years

female: 82.51 years (2021 est.)
total population: 75.65 years

male: 71.19 years

female: 80.33 years (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate1.61 children born/woman (2021 est.)1.54 children born/woman (2021 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate0.8% (2020 est.)0.3% (2019 est.)
Nationalitynoun: Estonian(s)

adjective: Estonian
noun: Latvian(s)

adjective: Latvian
Ethnic groupsEstonian 68.7%, Russian 24.8%, Ukrainian 1.7%, Belarusian 1%, Finn 0.6%, other 1.6%, unspecified 1.6% (2011 est.)Latvian 62.7%, Russian 24.5%, Belarusian 3.1%, Ukrainian 2.2%, Polish 2%, Lithuanian 1.1%, other 1.8%, unspecified 2.6% (2021 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS7,100 (2020 est.)

note: estimate does not include children
5,600 (2019 est.)
ReligionsOrthodox 16.2%, Lutheran 9.9%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 2.2%, other 0.9%, none 54.1%, unspecified 16.7% (2011 est.)Lutheran 36.2%, Roman Catholic 19.5%, Orthodox 19.1%, other Christian 1.6%, other 0.1%, unspecified/none 23.5% (2017 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths<100 (2020 est.)

note: estimate does not include children
<100 (2019 est.)
LanguagesEstonian (official) 68.5%, Russian 29.6%, Ukrainian 0.6%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)Latvian (official) 56.3%, Russian 33.8%, other 0.6% (includes Polish, Ukrainian, and Belarusian), unspecified 9.4%; note - data represent language usually spoken at home (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):
World Factbook, neaizstajams avots pamata informaciju. (Latvian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Literacydefinition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99.8%

male: 99.8%

female: 99.8% (2015)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99.9%

male: 99.9%

female: 99.9% (2015)
Major infectious diseasesdegree of risk: intermediate (2020)

vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis
degree of risk: intermediate (2020)

vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)total: 15 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2018)
total: 16 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2018)
Education expenditures5% of GDP (2017)4.4% of GDP (2017)
Urbanizationurban population: 69.4% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: -0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
urban population: 68.4% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: -0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Drinking water sourceimproved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2017 est.)
improved: urban: 98.8% of population

rural: 98.2% of population

total: 98.6% of population

unimproved: urban: 1.2% of population

rural: 1.8% of population

total: 1.4% of population (2017 est.)
Sanitation facility accessimproved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2017 est.)
improved: urban: 98.9% of population

rural: 84.6% of population

total: 94.3% of population

unimproved: urban: 1.1% of population

rural: 15.4% of population

total: 5.7% of population (2017 est.)
Major cities - population449,000 TALLINN (capital) (2021)628,000 RIGA (capital) (2021)
Maternal mortality rate9 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)19 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Health expenditures6.7% (2018)6.2% (2018)
Physicians density4.48 physicians/1,000 population (2018)3.19 physicians/1,000 population (2017)
Hospital bed density4.7 beds/1,000 population (2017)5.6 beds/1,000 population (2017)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate21.2% (2016)23.6% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth28.2 years (2019 est.)27.3 years (2019 est.)
Dependency ratiostotal dependency ratio: 58.4

youth dependency ratio: 26.1

elderly dependency ratio: 32.3

potential support ratio: 3.1 (2020 est.)
total dependency ratio: 59

youth dependency ratio: 26.1

elderly dependency ratio: 32.9

potential support ratio: 3 (2020 est.)

Source: CIA Factbook