| Population | 38,185,913 (July 2021 est.) |
| Nationality | noun: Pole(s) adjective: Polish |
| Ethnic groups | Polish 96.9%, Silesian 1.1%, German 0.2%, Ukrainian 0.1%, other and unspecified 1.7% (2011 est.) note: represents ethnicity declared first |
| Languages | Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.3%; note - data represent the language spoken at home; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; Poland ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2009 recognizing Kashub as a regional language, Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian as national minority languages, and Karaim, Lemko, Romani (Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma), and Tatar as ethnic minority languages (2011 est.) major-language sample(s): Ksiega Faktów Swiata, niezbedne zródlo podstawowych informacji. (Polish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. |
| Religions | Catholic 85.9% (includes Roman Catholic 85.6% and Greek Catholic, Armenian Catholic, and Byzantine-Slavic Catholic .3%), Orthodox 1.3% (almost all are Polish Autocephalous Orthodox), Protestant 0.4% (mainly Augsburg Evangelical and Pentacostal), other 0.4% (includes Jehovah's Witness, Buddhist, Hare Krishna, Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Muslim, Jewish, Mormon), unspecified 12.1% (2017 est.) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 14.83% (male 2,918,518/female 2,756,968) 15-24 years: 9.8% (male 1,928,637/female 1,823,894) 25-54 years: 43.33% (male 8,384,017/female 8,203,646) 55-64 years: 13.32% (male 2,424,638/female 2,675,351) 65 years and over: 18.72% (male 2,867,315/female 4,299,341) (2020 est.) |
| Dependency ratios | total dependency ratio: 51.4 youth dependency ratio: 23 elderly dependency ratio: 28.4 potential support ratio: 3.5 (2020 est.) |
| Median age | total: 41.9 years male: 40.3 years female: 43.6 years (2020 est.) |
| Population growth rate | -0.23% (2021 est.) |
| Birth rate | 8.69 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Death rate | 10.68 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Net migration rate | -0.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Population distribution | population concentrated in the southern area around Krakow and the central area around Warsaw and Lodz, with an extension to the northern coastal city of Gdansk |
| Urbanization | urban population: 60.1% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: -0.16% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Major cities - population | 1.790 million WARSAW (capital), 769,000 Krakow (2021) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2020 est.) |
| Mother's mean age at first birth | 27.6 years (2019 est.) |
| Maternal mortality rate | 2 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 4.22 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.64 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 78.53 years male: 74.76 years female: 82.51 years (2021 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 1.39 children born/woman (2021 est.) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | 62.3% (2014) |
| Drinking water source | improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2017 est.) |
| Health expenditures | 6.3% (2018) |
| Physicians density | 2.38 physicians/1,000 population (2017) |
| Hospital bed density | 6.6 beds/1,000 population (2017) |
| Sanitation facility access | improved: urban: 99.7% of population rural: 100% of population total: 99.8% of population unimproved: urban: 0.3% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0.2% of population (2017 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | NA |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | NA |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths | NA |
| Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: intermediate (2016) vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis (2016) |
| Obesity - adult prevalence rate | 23.1% (2016) |
| Children under the age of 5 years underweight | 0.7% (2010/12) |
| Education expenditures | 4.6% of GDP (2017) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.8% male: 99.9% female: 99.7% (2015) |
| School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) | total: 16 years male: 15 years female: 17 years (2018) |
Source: CIA World Factbook
This page was last updated on September 18, 2021
