Indonesia Economy Profile 2002

Economy - overview

Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, faces severe economic development problems, stemming from secessionist movements and the low level of security in the regions, the lack of reliable legal recourse in contract disputes, corruption, weaknesses in the banking system, and strained relations with the IMF. Investor confidence will remain low and few new jobs will be created under these circumstances. In November 2001, Indonesia agreed with the IMF on a series of economic reforms in 2002, thus enabling further IMF disbursements. Keys to future growth remain internal reform, the build-up of the confidence of international donors and investors, and a strong comeback in the global economy.

GDP (purchasing power parity)

purchasing power parity - $687 billion (2001 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

3.3% (2001 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

purchasing power parity - $3,000 (2001 est.)

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 17%
industry: 41%
services: 42% (2001 est.)

Population below poverty line

27% (1999)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 4%
highest 10%: 27% (1999)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

11.5% (2001 est.)

Labor force

99 million (1999)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture 45%, industry 16%, services 39% (1999 est.)

Unemployment rate

8% (2001 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

32 (1999)

Budget

revenues: $26 billion
expenditures: $30 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)

Industries

petroleum and natural gas; textiles, apparel, and footwear; mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood; rubber; food; tourism

Industrial production growth rate

3.5% (2001 est.)

Electricity - production

92.575 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - production by source

fossil fuel: 81%
hydro: 14%
nuclear: 0%
other: 5% (2000)

Electricity - consumption

86.095 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2000)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2000)

Agriculture - products

rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork, eggs

Exports

$56.5 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)

Exports - commodities

oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber

Exports - partners

Japan 23.4%, US 13.8%, Singapore 10.7%, South Korea 7%, China 4.5%, Malaysia 3.2% (2000 est.)

Imports

$38.1 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and equipment; chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs

Imports - partners

Japan 16.3%, Singapore 11.4%, US 10.2%, South Korea 6.3%, China 6.1%, Australia 5.1% (2000 est.)

Debt - external

$135 billion (2001 est.)

Economic aid - recipient

$43 billion from IMF program and other official external financing (1997-2000)

Currency

Indonesian rupiah (IDR)

Currency (code)

IDR

Exchange rates

Indonesian rupiahs per US dollar - 10,377.3 (January 2002), 10,260.9 (2001), 8,421.8 (2000), 7,855.2 (1999), 10,013.6 (1998), 2,909.4 (1997)

Fiscal year

calendar year; note - previously was 1 April - 31 March, but starting with 2001, has been changed to calendar year