| Location | Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine |
| Geographic coordinates | 46 00 N, 25 00 E |
| Map references | Europe |
| Area | total: 238,391 sq km land: 229,891 sq km water: 8,500 sq km |
| Area - comparative | twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oregon |
| Land boundaries | total: 2,844 km border countries (5): Bulgaria 605 km, Hungary 424 km, Moldova 683 km, Serbia 531 km, Ukraine 601 km |
| Coastline | 225 km |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
| Climate | temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms |
| Terrain | central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Moldavian Plateau on the east by the Eastern Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps |
| Elevation extremes | highest point: Moldoveanu 2,544 m lowest point: Black Sea 0 m mean elevation: 414 m |
| Natural resources | petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower |
| Land use | agricultural land: 60.7% (2018 est.) arable land: 39.1% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 19.7% (2018 est.) forest: 28.7% (2018 est.) other: 10.6% (2018 est.) |
| Irrigated land | 31,490 sq km (2012) |
| Total renewable water resources | 212.01 billion cubic meters (2017 est.) |
| Natural hazards | earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides |
| Geography - note | controls the most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine; the Carpathian Mountains dominate the center of the country, while the Danube River forms much of the southern boundary with Serbia and Bulgaria |
Source: CIA World Factbook
This page was last updated on September 18, 2021
