North Macedonia - Research and development expenditure

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in North Macedonia was 0.365 as of 2018. Its highest value over the past 21 years was 0.516 in 2014, while its lowest value was 0.171 in 2007.

Definition: Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/)

See also:

Year Value
1997 0.359
1998 0.408
1999 0.328
2000 0.419
2001 0.293
2002 0.245
2003 0.211
2004 0.232
2005 0.228
2006 0.194
2007 0.171
2008 0.224
2009 0.197
2010 0.216
2011 0.223
2012 0.327
2013 0.439
2014 0.516
2015 0.444
2016 0.436
2017 0.354
2018 0.365

Classification

Topic: Infrastructure Indicators

Sub-Topic: Technology